On the chain of skiing contempt, spending 10 thousand yuan can only be regarded as "poor sliding"

Chifeng Meilin Valley Ski Resort, which has been in operation for ten years, has ushered in the hottest winter.
At 7 o’clock in the morning, 26-year-old Yu Yang got up from the bed of Meilin Valley Hotel, skillfully dressed a whole set of skiing equipment, picked up a snowboard about the same height, passed through Meilin Valley Visitor Center, put down the snowboard and slowly slid to the snow field 500 meters away from the hotel.
Meilin Valley Ski Resort is located in Meilin Town, Harqin Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, and it is also the second closest ski resort to Yujia. The average temperature in winter reaches-20℃. According to the White Paper of China Ski Industry in 2020, at least 80,000 people will visit this ski resort in recent winter.
Especially this year, the number of skiers has obviously increased. Under the atmosphere of Beijing Winter Olympics, especially China’s Gu Ailing won the gold medal of freestyle skiing platform in Beijing Winter Olympics, which inspired more and more people’s skiing enthusiasm.
In the past Spring Festival holiday, young people no longer went to Sanya for a holiday, but went to major ski resorts in the north. Skiing is attracting more and more young people to enter the field. In the circle of friends, they are either skiing or on their way to the snow field.
Merchants are also using the atmosphere of the Winter Olympics to dig gold, and the accommodation, catering and ski equipment businesses around the snow field are constantly emerging. As a result, the competition and involution of venues, equipment and technology are also escalating. The equipment of 10,000 yuan is only the basic threshold for skiers. On top of this, the professional training of 15,000 yuan and the coaching qualification of 45,000 yuan are not the highest, but only higher.
Those who ask coaches look down on their own games, those who play with single boards look down on those who play with double boards, those who ski look down on those who take photos and punch cards, and those who run snow resorts are not as good as those who sell equipment and open hotels. On the ski resort, watersheds and chains of contempt are everywhere, and every step of the skier shows his net worth in this circle.
Spending nearly 10,000 yuan in the snow field for the New Year.
On the day before New Year’s Eve, Yu Yang set off from Dalian, arrived in Chifeng by car for seven hours, and directly stayed at Meilin Valley Hotel in the scenic spot.
"During the Spring Festival in Meilin Valley Ski Resort, the price of self-contained ski equipment is one day in 290 yuan, and the hotel accommodation is 615 yuan a day including breakfast. For seven days during the Spring Festival, it will cost 6,335 yuan for accommodation and snow tickets. If the meal is calculated at 100 yuan a day, the most basic travel expenses, accommodation and snow tickets for this skiing will exceed 8,000 yuan together. In addition, there are fuel costs and tolls from Dalian to Chifeng, totaling more than 1,400 yuan. " Yu Yang told the reporter of Phoenix WEEKLY Finance that he had spent nearly 10,000 yuan on a seven-day skiing trip.
Born in the northeast, Yu Yang was a skier in college. Living in Dalian, he has been to Chongli in Hebei and Yongji in Jilin to satisfy his skiing desire, in addition to the ordinary leisure ski resorts in the city.
"The snow season is too short and precious. I am on the snow field every weekend. During the Winter Olympics, I must find a better snow field to have an addiction."
According to the official WeChat introduction of Meilin Valley Ski Club, during the Spring Festival, the price of accommodation and skiing for two people is 1,400 yuan a day, with an average person in 700 yuan. If two people travel together, the cost performance will be higher than that of going alone.
Nevertheless, as the Meilin Valley Ski Resort, the price is much cheaper than Chongli.
According to the official platform of Chongli Wanlong Ski Resort, the snow ticket for two days on weekdays and weekends in the 2021-2022 snow season is 1,050 yuan, and the price for two days and one night of Shuanglong Hotel plus skiing ranges from 1,880 yuan to 3,350 yuan.
According to the pictures shared by consumers before, the price of snow tickets for two days on weekdays and weekends at Chongli Wanlong Ski Resort in the snow season of 2020-2021 is about 680 yuan, and the price for two days and one night at Shuanglong Hotel ranges from 1,269 yuan to 2,269 yuan. According to this price comparison, in the snow season of 2021-2022, the snow ticket price of Chongli Wanlong Ski Resort rose by about 54%, and the accommodation price rose by about 44%.
Although skiing is not a cheap sport, under the influence of the winter Olympic atmosphere, many areas have sought to take advantage of ice and snow to go out. In December, 2021, the advertisement of Changchun Ice and Snow Festival has reached the gate of Beijing Jianguomen subway station, and there have been many advertisements and publicity activities with the theme of ice and snow sports in Sanlitun.
The configuration of the snow field is also trying to upgrade. For example, Chifeng Meilin Valley, Chongli Taiwu Ski Resort and so on, hotels, restaurants, hot springs, cinemas and other supporting facilities are readily available, which has changed from a sports ground to a holiday resort.
The live video shot by Yu Yang to reporters shows that there are still many skiers who shuttle back and forth on the snow field on the third day of the New Year’s Day. You can even see some children.
At Chongli Taiwu Ski Resort, Ms. Zhou from Beijing is having a good time with her two sons. She and her eldest son skied on the advanced track in tandem, while the younger son was being taught the primary skills by the coach on the primary track.
"Taiwu has Marriott, Hyatt, and a family multi-bedroom apartment. The accommodation is the best among several snow resorts. There are also hot springs, relaxing in a hot spring after skiing, and watching movies. There are many choices for leisure activities. " Ms. Zhou said.
Single board looks down on double board, and skiers look down on punch cards.
The temperature of the Meilin Valley Ski Resort in Chifeng keeps between -10℃ and -20℃ all the year round. However, Yu Yang, who has just galloped down the advanced snow trail, looks radiant and ruddy.
"I’m sure it’s not cold. It won’t be cold to ski. Moreover, I wore three layers inside and outside. First, the quick-drying clothes are very tight and close to the body, which can lock the body temperature. This set of quick-drying clothes costs 3,000 yuan. I put a thermal underwear on the outside of the quick-drying clothes, and then I put a shin warmer and a warm baby in the ski suit, fully armed. "
Yu Yang said that he is a "poor skater" in the purchase of ski equipment. Based on the principle of ensuring professionalism and saving money, he did not excessively pursue famous brands. He showed his annual bill for ski equipment to reporters.
"ATOMIC snowshoes are almost 3,000 yuan, BURTON snowboard is about 3,500 yuan, snow goggles is 1,200 yuan, second-hand Bern helmet 500 yuan, a set of X-bionic quick-drying clothes is 3,000 yuan, BURTON’s second-hand board fixer was found at that time, more than 1,000 yuan, ski suit 800 yuan and protective gear 800 yuan. Overall, these basic equipments add up to almost 13,000 yuan. "
This is obviously not the poorest way to play. Mu Zi, a college student in Beijing, shared the raiders on Little Red Book. It shows that with the full-time college student ID card of Chinese mainland, you can make an appointment for free skiing through the Wanlong Holiday Paradise service number. You only need to pay 20 yuan insurance, and you can even make an appointment for several days, and you can make an appointment twice a month. In addition, the round-trip toll from Beijing to Prince Edward City only needs 190 yuan, college students only need 100 yuan for one day to rent ski gear, and the average person in the surrounding homestays is 80-100 yuan. The student party with limited living expenses can also experience the joy of skiing with a budget of 500.
In terms of input cost, skiing seems to be a sport of "no cap on the top and no limit on the bottom".
At the top of the ski circle, it is natural to go abroad to the ski resort under the Swiss Alps, where there is unparalleled pure beauty and the best powder snow in the Alps. Britain’s Prince Charles, Prince William and Princess Kate are all frequent visitors here.
In China, Yabuli in Northeast China is a resort frequented by entrepreneurs. With the opportunity of the annual Yabuli Forum, many business tycoons have competed on the resort, and their momentum and influence are no less than the dinner during the Wuzhen Internet Conference.
Among them, Wang Shi, the founder of Vanke, experienced skiing for the first time in 1996 at Yabuli Snow Resort. According to a "Yabuli Forum Skiing List" circulating on the Internet, during a recent Yabuli Forum, Ma Yun, Lei Jun, Li Yanhong, Wang Shi, Li Guoqing and other business tycoons all appeared on the skiing list.
Distinguish between high-end and low-end, the price of ski resort and ski equipment is the first watershed, followed by gameplay.
"Please ask the coach to look down on his own play, and those who play single board look down on playing double board." Yu Yang told the reporter of Phoenix WEEKLY Finance that the skiing circle has such an unwritten ranking. Comparatively speaking, it’s easier to get started with double boards, while it’s more exciting with single boards.
However, skiers living abroad believe that the advancement of double boards can better reflect the technical level. "Many foreigners who go skiing in the Alps abroad are more popular with skateboarding." In the snow season of 2020-2021, Ms. Wang and her friends signed up for a ski course of a famous ski instructor in London, and she studied snowboarding. "When I went skiing in Switzerland, only old people skated on the single board, or the double board was fast."
Whether it’s a single board or a double board, everyone will feel the excitement brought by the sudden surge of adrenaline when they sprint down from the top of the high-grade road.
As for technology, skiers who have reached a certain stage can take the CASI coaching certificate in the Canadian skiing system. Level 1 is the most elementary coaching level. You can teach skiers at the elementary level by winning the Level 1 certificate.
Yu Yang said that the process of textual research and driving test is similar, and both need to receive training for a period of time. CASI coaching certificate includes four levels, first study and then test.
According to the official WeChat of Maple Ski Industry, the CASI coaching certificate training institution, the certification fee for Level 1 coaching is 7,200 yuan for 5 days, and the training place is Wanlong and Fulong Ski Resort in Chongli. According to preliminary estimates, the prices of snow tickets in these two places are already above average in China. Coupled with transportation, tickets and accommodation costs, the cost of obtaining this ski instructor certificate is at least 15,000 yuan.
Such a price is still "someone outside the person." Ms. Wang and her friends signed up for another skiing course in Britain. The whole course has ten lessons, and the price is 5,000 pounds (about 45,000 yuan). The coach promised to reach the L1 level of junior coach after the whole course. However, when asked if she has reached such a technical level now, Ms. Wang said with a wry smile: "I only went to class two or three times, and I don’t have time to go there again." But I will feel that I have taken a class, and I am confident when I go skiing with my friends in Switzerland. "
Different ski resorts, different consumption levels and technical levels have formed different classes of skiing. But there is a class that all skiers despise, that is, the "online celebrity" posing in the snow field.
Zhang Yiqing (pseudonym) is a self-media anchor in Hangzhou. This winter, her company specially arranged for her to go on a business trip to Wanda Ski Resort in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province to shoot short videos on skiing-related topics.
"I never liked outdoor sports before. I couldn’t run 800 meters in college, but I went to work." Zhang Yiqing said. According to the work arrangement, she stayed at Park Hyatt Hotel in Changbai Mountain all the time, mainly learning a few simple moves, wearing brand ski clothes and taking some beautiful photos with sports bra. "I have to say that the snow field is really out, and later the short video works are also a little hot."
But in Yu Yang’s view, such behavior is unsafe on the one hand, and misleading ordinary skiers on the other.
"These people are not serious about skiing, and it is very dangerous to pose on the snowy road; There are still many beautiful women wearing cool clothes. Taking such photos on social platforms will mislead people who don’t understand skiing, thinking that skiing doesn’t need to wear a lot. In fact, it is very important to keep warm during skiing. "
It is difficult to make a profit on the ski resort, and the equipment sells well.
The skiing atmosphere didn’t just rise this year. Foreign media quoted domestic data in China, showing that in 2015, when Beijing won the bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, the number of skiers in China had reached 12.5 million, and since then, it has doubled to 26 million.
According to the data of the State Sports General Administration, by 2025, the total scale of China’s ice and snow industry will reach 1 trillion yuan.
Enterprise survey data show that by the end of November 2020, there were 5,008 ski-related enterprises in China, including 1,684 ski-related enterprises. Harbin has become the largest city with 416 ski-related enterprises, while Zhangjiakou and Beijing rank second and third. Judging from the ranking of provinces, Hebei, Heilongjiang and Guangdong rank in the top three, and the three northeastern provinces account for 27% of the country.
Despite this, in the past few years, the key word around large snow resorts has always been "loss".
According to public reports, Wanlong Ski Resort in Zhangjiakou has been losing money for ten years since it opened in the 2004-2005 snow season. In the meantime, only in the 2014-2015 snow season, influenced by Beijing’s bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, it made a profit for the first time. After 2017, Wanlong lost money again.
Zhang Litao, general manager of Chongli Fulong Ski Resort, once worked in Taiwu Town. He told the reporter of Phoenix WEEKLY Finance that the ski resort is a means to attract guests, and the profit point is not by selling snow tickets, but by consumer behavior other than skiing. As a complex of lifestyles, the ski resort wants to attract not all skiers, but skiers, junior high school skiers and middle-class families with children, and turn skiing into a holiday habit for middle-class families, which is as popular as playing golf.
"According to this goal, the design of the ski resort must emphasize fun and fashion." Zhang Litao said, "Advanced trails only account for 30%, and snowy trails pay attention to visual and entertainment effects. There is a theme sculpture on the mountain, which will change every year. A DJ square is built in the middle of the snow field to render the snow field with music. The town’s fun park is divided into four difficult areas: black, pink, blue and orange, which not only improves skiing skills, but also allows more people to experience skiing fun. "
Indeed, outside the snow field, what is really hot is the business of equipment sales, accommodation and catering, and even the surrounding housing prices. After the successful bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics, the house price of Chongli in Zhangjiakou generally soared to more than 10,000 yuan/m 2, and even individual projects reached 30,000 yuan/m 2.
"In 2015, the number of guests with their own skis did not exceed 20% of the total number," a coach of Dalian Happy Snow World told the reporter of Phoenix WEEKLY Finance. "Now more than half of the guests enter the ski resort with their own equipment, and the number of single boards has exceeded that of double boards. Snowsuit helmets are basically self-contained, and there are many fashionable and big-name figures. There are more and more young people, the market is rich, and the new generation of consumption power has also risen. "
According to the data of Tmall platform, during the "Double Eleven" period in 2021, the sales of ski products increased by 120% year-on-year. The data recently released by AliExpress, a cross-border e-commerce platform, also shows that in the fourth quarter of 2021, the overseas sales of ski products in China increased by over 60% year-on-year.
"Most experienced skiers start by renting equipment. Generally, the ski resort package includes the cost of renting clothes and ski gear. However, after having certain skiing experience, they usually choose to buy it themselves. "
Fashion luxury brands and high-end sports brands are striving to seize this market opportunity. Luxury brands such as LVMH, Gucci, Prada, Dior, etc. have also spared no effort in the huge white market, and rushed to launch joint-name ski suits, snowboards and other equipment. A snowboard in LV costs 40,000 yuan, which is 10 times that of ordinary professional ski brands.
The financing of the ice and snow industry is also reflected in related industries. In 2021, social APP Slippery received a 40 million yuan A round investment from Gaochun, and Aoxue Culture, which owns two ski equipment brands of "Zero Summer" and "NOBADAY", completed the A round financing in October 2021, with an amount of tens of millions of yuan; SNOW 51 also completed the A and A+ rounds of financing in the same year, with an amount exceeding 100 million yuan.
In fact, under the hot atmosphere, the snow field is not worried about passenger flow. However, the profitability of the ski resort depends on the construction of hardware facilities and the improvement of basic service capabilities.
For families with children, Taiwu team set up a children’s ski service center. When parents ski, they entrust their children to the service center, where there will be children’s instructors to teach skiing.
"In the future, these children from middle-class families who were brought to ski vacations will be the backbone of China’s ski market in the next two decades." Zhang Litao said.
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The Spring Festival is approaching. How do you celebrate the Spring Festival this year? Recently, Banan District launched the "Family Style and American Family Annual Meeting" activity, and it became a new folk custom of Banan people during the Spring Festival to establish family training, talk about dreams, talk about gains and losses, and send blessings.

The relevant staff in Banan District said: "We advocate the citizens to celebrate the New Year on the spot. We hope that through this activity, Banan people will inherit the family style and carry forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation while feeling the taste of the year, so that the year 2021 will be full of atmosphere and connotation."

Anti-epidemic advanced families: the dream of family reunion and Spring Festival group.

During the Spring Festival of 2020, Yang Jifan and Li Chunmei, who live in Lijiatuo, Banan District, failed to go home for the New Year because they struggled in the forefront of hospital epidemic prevention and control.

"A virus epidemic destroyed all my dreams of the Spring Festival." Yang Jifan’s son, Yang Herui, said, "But please rest assured, Mom and Dad, I won’t cry. I’m proud of you. I’m the doctor’s son …"

According to reports, Yang Yurui’s parents and grandfather are both medical staff. "Doctors are kind-hearted" is what Yang Herui’s grandfather often talks about. Slowly, it has become the family motto of Yang Herui.

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It is under the influence of such family precepts that Yang Herui understands that mom and dad can’t go home on time, "attend" the group dinner and have a group dinner together because of "saving lives".

Today (5th), under the call of the activity of "Family Style and Annual Meeting of American Family during the Festival" in Banan District, Yang Herui’s family realized their dream of group year.

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 In a small window of Lijiatuo Ronghui Jiangshan Community in Banan District, Yang Herui’s family is enjoying a reunion dinner. Prior to this, Yang Herui gave a handwritten newspaper named "I am proud, I am the doctor’s son" to my parents; Grandpa started to write down the family motto of "the doctor is kind" and taught Yang Herui the "connotation" in these four words with one stroke; Yang Herui’s family also pinched the "Mariko" symbolizing reunion together. ……

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 "In the past, Yang Heli’s grandfather told me about the’ doctor’s kindness’ and later told Yang Heli. I hope that I can also tell this sentence to my younger generations in the future, so that these four words can be passed down from generation to generation in our family. " Yang Jifan, the father of Yang Herui, said.

Five Good Families in China: "Cloud Reunion" Inheriting Family Style

In Lijiatuo Street, Banan District, there is another family holding a special annual family meeting.

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 "I hope you can be people with goals, and I hope you can develop in an all-round way by practicing martial arts …" Facing the two little daughters in the video, Zhao Sikuo wrote the family instructions with a brush while explaining them.

Zhao Sikuo and Dong Tingting both work in the health system of Banan District. Affected by the epidemic, Zhao Sikuo and Dong Tingting will continue to stick to their posts during the Spring Festival. Because they are separated from their parents and daughters, this year’s Spring Festival, their family can only have a "cloud reunion" by video phone.

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 "Today, we will eat some sauerkraut jiaozi." Zhao Sikuo said, in my hometown in Northeast China, I will eat jiaozi on holidays. Plus, two people can’t eat much, and eating jiaozi can respond to the call of "eating civilization" and has a taste of the year. Facing the camera, Zhao Sikuo did not forget to teach children to cherish food and develop a good habit of thrift.

Zhao Sikuo’s family motto is "Set a lofty ambition, cultivate a strong body, be loyal, filial and righteous, and be single-minded". In 2020, this family motto was rated as one of the top ten most beautiful family precepts in Banan District in 2020, and Zhao Sikuo’s family was also rated as one of the five best families in China and the most beautiful family in Chongqing.

According to reports, in 2021, 2,152 party branches were launched in Banan district to publicize the annual family meeting before the festival, 121 primary and secondary schools took the annual family meeting home as a special winter vacation homework, and 200,000 families held annual family meeting activities during the Spring Festival according to their own conditions.

This activity will last until March. After the start of the new semester, schools will continue to carry out activities such as class meeting, team day, dream salon sharing meeting, etc., which will fully show the achievements of students’ participation in the annual meeting. After the holiday, various government agencies and units will also take advantage of theme party days and cadres’ and workers’ unions to organize cadres and workers to share the feelings of the annual meeting in time in the form of dream salons, so as to find out a group of families with stories, traditions and representatives, dig deep into the touching stories and beautiful sentiments of family style education, and enhance the new connotation and new image of family style construction in Banan District.

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

Sunshine works hard until the weekend, and Guangzhou will turn rainy again.

The temperature dropped a little this morning compared with yesterday, but the sunshine was good, and everyone’s somatosensory temperature remained in a relatively comfortable range. It will continue to be online on sunny days in the next two days, and it will gradually turn rainy in Guangzhou on weekends.

Despite the cold air, with the help of sunshine, the weather in Guangzhou is warm during the day. At 13: 25, Baishui Village Scenic Spot in Zengcheng District of Guangzhou recorded 25.1℃, the highest in the city.

The Meteorological Observatory predicts that most of Guangdong will be cloudy and sunny from January 10 to 13, with cold weather and dry weather in the morning and evening. Affected by the weak cold air, on January 10-11, there was a gust of 6-7 from the northeast to the east wind in central and eastern Guangdong. It’s cold in the morning and evening, pay attention to adding clothes in time; The wind is strong on the sea surface, so pay attention to offshore operation and traffic safety.

In the next three days, the humidity in the lower level is low and the north wind blows. Although there are clouds in Guangzhou, the clouds in the middle and upper levels are the main ones, and the sunshine is abundant. The low temperature is stable, and the maximum temperature fluctuates slightly. At the weekend, the humidity over Guangzhou became higher, and the clouds began to increase, accompanied by weak precipitation.

Guangdong specific forecast:

From January 11th to 12th, the western cities and counties were cloudy with sporadic light rain, while the rest were cloudy and sunny. The lowest temperature in the morning: 8 ~ 12℃ in northern and eastern Guangdong, 14 ~ 19℃ near the Pearl River Estuary and western Guangdong, and 12 ~ 14℃ in other cities and counties.

On January 13th, it was cloudy with scattered light rain in Shaoguan, Qingyuan, western Pearl River Delta and western Guangdong, and the rest cities and counties were cloudy. There is light fog in the western cities and counties in the morning. The lowest temperature in the morning: 10 ~ 13℃ in northern and eastern Guangdong, 15 ~ 20℃ near the Pearl River Estuary and western Guangdong, and 13 ~ 15℃ in other cities and counties.

Guangzhou weather forecast:

It was cloudy at 12 ~ 21℃ on January 11th.

It was cloudy at 13 ~ 23℃ on January 12th.

On January 13th, it was cloudy to cloudy at 14 ~ 22℃, with scattered light rain.

Text/Guangzhou Daily Xinhua City Reporter: Yekas

Figure/Guangzhou Daily Xinhua City Reporter: Gao Hetao

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News materials: The Fifth Middle East War (1982)

  -Israel invaded Lebanon


  On June 6, 1982, on the pretext that its ambassador to Britain was assassinated by Palestinian guerrillas, Israel dispatched more than 100,000 army, navy and air force to launch a large-scale attack on the Palestine Liberation Organization guerrillas and Syrian troops in Lebanon. It took only a few days to occupy half of Lebanon. This is the biggest war between Israel and Arab countries since the death of four Middle East wars, and it is called the "Fifth Middle East War".


  War background


  Generally speaking, the cause of the Lebanon-Israel war is still the continuation of the Palestinian dispute. The main purpose of Israel’s invasion of Lebanon is to destroy the Palestine Liberation Organization, seek to establish a pro-Israel regime in Lebanon and crowd out Syrian troops in Lebanon.


  In order to establish their own country, the Palestinians established the Palestine Liberation Organization in May 1964 and launched a war with Israel. The PLO guerrillas are based in neighboring Arab countries, mainly in Syria and Lebanon. In 1970, the headquarters of the PLO and the main guerrilla force led by it entered Lebanon from Jordan, and later directly intervened in Lebanon’s domestic struggle, propped up and armed Islamic forces, and cracked down on pro-Israel Christian forces, gradually taking control of southern Lebanon and Beirut, the capital, and becoming a "country within a country". And build military facilities, attack and shell northern Israel from time to time, especially in the fourth Middle East War, the PLO guerrillas assisted Egyptian and Syrian troops to launch guerrilla warfare and attacked Israeli military bases, warehouses and radar stations. Become a menace to Israel.


  In 1982, Israel felt that the time had come: first, the war between Britain and Oman broke out and became the focus of international attention; Secondly, the Iran-Iraq war continues, and the two countries have no time to take care of it. There are contradictions between Arab countries that support Iran and Iraq, and the Arab world has been torn apart; Third, the domestic situation in Syria, which may support and cooperate with the PLO in the war, is unstable, and there are also contradictions between Palestine and Syria; Fourth, we can use the pro-Israeli forces in Lebanon-Christian armed forces; Fifth, after the return of Sinai Peninsula, Egypt and Israel have reached a settlement, and Egypt will not get involved in the war.


  Military forces of all parties before the war


  I. Armed forces in Lebanon


  1. PLO Armed Forces


  The PLO armed forces are mainly PLO guerrillas, with a total of about 25,000 people (including 6,000 field troops), which are organized into 50 battalions, 300 tanks, 300 armored vehicles and 1,100 guns.


  Distribution of main forces: there are about 6,000 troops in the western part of Beirut, 8,000 troops in various positions in the south, 5,000 troops in the Bekaa Valley, and the rest are deployed in northern Lebanon. The PLO guerrillas have more than 400 warehouses in southern Lebanon, storing a large number of weapons, ammunition and other military supplies.


  2. Syrian Army in Lebanon


  2 armored brigades, 2 mechanized infantry brigades, 1 assault battalion and air defense units, totaling 30,000 people. After the war broke out, four more brigades were invested, bringing the total strength to 46,000, with 900 tanks, 600 armored vehicles and 350 planes.


  The main forces are subordinate to Bekaa Valley, Jazzin Region and Shufu Mountain. Some troops are stationed in Beirut West Zone, Tripoli and major towns along the strategic road from Beirut to Damascus.


  3. United Nations peacekeeping forces


  It consists of 7,000 troops from France, the Netherlands, Norway, Fiji and Nepal, and is stationed on the common border between Lebanon and Israel.


  4. Lebanese government forces and various armed forces


  There are more than 23,700 Lebanese government troops, including one mechanized infantry brigade, one armed reconnaissance battalion, nine infantry battalions, one artillery battalion, more than 200 armored vehicles and 230 guns. In addition, it is also equipped with "Milan" and "Tao" anti-tank missiles. It is mainly stationed in the eastern part of Beirut and parts of northwest Lebanon.


  In addition to government forces, there are more than 40 armed forces in Lebanon, mainly including:


  (1) The Muslims armed Shiites, Druze and Sunnis, with a total of about 20,000 full-time armed personnel, are in opposition to the Christian Pike Party.


  (2) haddad militia is a pro-Israel force, with about 36,000 people, deployed in the 8-10 km zone of Lebanon on the border with Israel.


  (3) The Christian Phalangist militia, led by Bacher Gemayel, has more than 40,000 people, and is stationed in the east of Beirut, north of Beirut-Damascus highway and northwest Lebanon.


  Second, the Israeli army


  There are 15 brigades, more than 100,000 people, 1,500 tanks, 1,500 armored vehicles, 400 planes and more than 20 ships.


  War course


  In the first stage (June 4-13), Israel launched a full-scale attack, and the PLO and the Syrian army suffered heavy blows, and the Israeli army surrounded the western part of Beirut.


  On June 4, Israel dispatched planes to attack Beirut and the PLO guerrilla base in southern Lebanon.


  At 11 o’clock on June 6, the Israeli army dispatched four brigades with about 20,000 people. After five hours of artillery and aviation fire preparation, with the support of helicopter gunships, naval, air and artillery fire, it launched a sudden attack on the PLO guerrillas in the west, middle and east on the front of 53 kilometers wide.


  1, the ground forces attack


  The West Road is the main direction of the Israeli army, and has invested more than five brigades. The first echelon, with two armored brigades, each with 200 tanks and armored vehicles, set out from Nahariya and Rushhanikla, surrounded Sur in Nakura and Bint Jubail through the areas controlled by haddad militia and United Nations forces, and launched siege fighting with the cooperation of airborne troops and landing troops and Lebanese haddad militia. At that night, it carried out street fighting and was attacked by the PLO guerrillas. Two brigades of the second echelon (an armored brigade and a mechanized brigade) entered the battle at 1800 hours, and one of them moved eastward to cooperate with the middle road; A brigade marched northward to encircle the PLO guerrillas south of the Litani River. On the 8th, the third echelon of the Israeli army entered the battle, continued to attack the north and surrounded Damour. However, to the south of the city, Saadia, only 19 kilometers away from Beirut, was stubbornly resisted by the PLO guerrillas, and its northward advance was blocked. On the 9th, West Road Israeli troops occupied Sidon and Damour, and landed in Halda with a battalion of troops. When the PLO troops retreated from Damour, they blew up the bridge. On the 10th, the Israeli army, consisting of 6 brigades, 35,000 men and more than 300 tanks, with the cooperation of Christian right-wing militia from the north, besieged Beirut and bombed Beirut’s western and southern suburbs international airports in turn. Israeli ships blocked Beirut from the sea. The PLO made great efforts to strengthen the defense in Beirut West Area and repelled the Israeli attack at the international airport and Halda area. The PLO armed forces killed Major General Yekutiel Adam, the commander-in-chief and deputy chief of staff of the Israeli army near Damour. On the 11th,The main force of the Israeli army arrived near Beirut International Airport, and the other part fought against the Syrian army. In order to negotiate with the PLO, Syria declared a ceasefire with Israel according to Israeli conditions when the PLO was in extreme difficulties, and the ceasefire took effect at 12 o’clock local time. Since then, Syria and Israel have stopped fighting. On the 12th, the Israeli army continued to attack the PLO position in the southern suburbs of Beirut, which met with stubborn resistance from the PLO armed forces. At 19: 00 GMT, the ceasefire between Israel and Palestine came into effect. Seven hours later, the two sides opened fire again. On the 13th, the Israeli army entered the eastern part of Beirut, and immediately, with the cooperation of the Phalangist militia, the Israeli army surrounded about 8,000 PLO guerrillas in the western and southern parts of Beirut.


  With the middle road as the direction of assist, a brigade, the first echelon of the Israeli army, set out from Shemola area on the morning of 6th, crossed Haldali, surrounded Fort Shojaei, and the main force Nabatiyah attacked. On the afternoon of the same day, the Israeli army began to storm Fort Shojaei and conquered it at dawn on 7th. An armored brigade of the second echelon entered the battle, besieged Nabatiyah with the cooperation of paratroopers, and broke into the city at 9: 00 on the 7 th. A small number of troops started street fighting with the PLO guerrillas, and the main force continued to advance northward, and the day before yesterday, it went out to Jiejin area. With the cooperation of the Israeli army on the East Road, after the capture of Jiejin City, they divided into two roads, all the way west, and participated in the siege of Zahrani and Saida; Journey to the south, attacking Syrian armored forces in Shufu area, launched a tank battle with Syrian army there. The Syrian army lost 150 tanks. On the 9th, Israeli troops parachuted near Aindala. With the cooperation of airborne troops, the ground troops captured Aindala, and then took control of the Beirut-Damascus highway.


  East Road is the containment direction, and an armored brigade of the first echelon of the Israeli army launched an attack on Sheba. Later, it developed an attack on the Bekaa Valley, containing and monitoring this direction, and cutting off the ties between the PLO guerrillas and the Syrian army. On the 7th, after the first echelon captured Sheba, the second echelon entered into battle and launched an attack on Hasyaba. After succeeding, it launched an attack on Syrian defensive positions in Lasia and Kaukaba. On the 8th, after capturing the towns of Lasia and Kaukaba, they marched northward along the west side of Bekaa Valley, pointing to the last section of Beirut-Damascus Highway, in an attempt to cut off the Syrian army’s retreat and block reinforcements. On the 10th, the Israeli army fought fiercely with the Syrian army in the east of Lake Karun, killing an armored brigade of the Syrian army. From September 9 to 11, Syria lost about 150 tanks in the battle.


  2. Air combat in Bekaa Valley


  In order to seize the air superiority, Israel decided to attack Syria’s missile base in Bekaa Valley to eliminate its air defense capability. This is also one of the main purposes of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.


  Bekaa Valley is located in the eastern part of Lebanon near the Syrian border. It is a long and narrow strip from south to north. The mountains on both sides of the valley are continuous and the terrain is dangerous. The main ground troops stationed in Lebanon are deployed here. In order to protect this unit from Israeli air strikes, Syria has deployed air defense units with Sam-6 missiles as the main equipment in the Bekaa Valley since May 1981.


  At about 2 pm on June 9, the Israeli army dispatched 96 F-15 and F-16 fighter planes for high-altitude cover, and under the command of E-2C early warning aircraft, F-4 and A-4 attack planes bombed the missile base in the Bekaa Valley violently.


  When the Syrian army learned of the Israeli air raid, it dispatched more than 60 MiG-21 and MiG-23 fighter jets from all over the country, gathered in Bekaa, and launched an air battle with the Israeli army. Due to the electronic interference of the Israeli army, the Syrian army aircraft lost contact with the ground after taking off, and the anti-aircraft missiles also lost control after launching. The quality and equipment of Israeli pilots were better than those of the Syrian Air Force, and they took the initiative in the air. However, the Syrian Air Force was inflexible in tactics and relied too much on the command of the ground command post, resulting in passive beatings in the air. On the first day of air combat, the Israeli army destroyed 19 positions of Syrian air defense missile company and shot down 29 Syrian aircraft. On the 10th, the Israeli army dispatched 92 planes of various types to attack the Syrian army’s Lebanese command post and the nearby air defense missile base. The Syrian army took off 52 planes to fight, and as a result, 25 planes were shot down and 7 air defense missile companies were destroyed. Syria has been operating in the Bekaa Valley for more than 10 years, and the air defense system costing $2 billion was destroyed, while Israel lost only 10 aircraft, including 6 drones and helicopters.


  It took only eight days (June 6-13) for the Israeli army to advance more than 90 kilometers, occupy about 3,000 square kilometers of Lebanese territory, destroy all the bases of the PLO guerrillas in southern Lebanon, wipe out a large number of PLO effective forces, seize all the PLO warehouses in southern Lebanon, and surround the PLO headquarters with 2,000 people and 5,000 armed men in the west and south of Beirut. At the same time, it dealt a heavy blow to the Syrian army.


  In the second stage (June 14th-September 15th), the PLO withdrew from the west area of Beirut, and the Israeli army won.


  On June 14th, after fierce fighting, the Israeli army took control of the runway of the international airport. On June 16th, with the cooperation of the Phalangist militia, the Israeli army captured the Science College Building, an important stronghold for controlling the airport. On the 17th, the Israeli army shelled the international airport and nearby areas, took control of Hadile International Airport, and further reduced the siege of the PLO headquarters. On the 18th, the Israeli army announced a ceasefire to the besieged PLO, but demanded that it lay down its arms and withdraw from Beirut, which was rejected by the PLO. On the 22nd, the Israeli army attacked the Syrian army again, and occupied Hamdoon, forcing the Syrian army to retreat, thus tightly controlling the west area of Beirut.


  From June 26th, the Israeli army continued to strengthen its troops surrounding the West Beirut and its defense against the Syrian army. By July 18th, the troops surrounding the West Beirut had increased to about 35,000 men in seven brigades, with about 700 tanks and 710 large-caliber artillery pieces. Trying to cooperate with political negotiations with military pressure, forcing the PLO to withdraw from Beirut West Area.


  On June 27th, the seventh emergency special session of the General Assembly adopted a resolution demanding that Israel cease fire immediately and withdraw its troops from Lebanon unconditionally. At this time, in order to preserve its strength, the PLO agreed to leave Beirut West. On the 28th, the PLO put forward three conditions for Israel to withdraw from Lebanon: (1) Israeli troops should withdraw 5 kilometers from the south of Beirut; (2) Keeping a symbolic Palestinian military unit in the Lebanese army; (3) Keep the political structure of the PLO in Beirut. Israel rejected these three conditions, demanding that relevant PLO groups must surrender their arms to the Lebanese Army and all PLO members should withdraw from Beirut and Lebanon. On July 6, the PLO refused to be escorted by the US military, demanding that a multinational peace force be deployed in Beirut to escort the PLO armed forces to evacuate safely. On August 1st, the Israeli army captured the international airport, entered the museum area in the west area of Beirut on the 4th, surrounded the PLO headquarters building on the 5th, and bombed the PLO headquarters building on the 6th. During this period, the Israeli army also bombed the Bekaa Valley.


  On August 12th, PLO announced its willingness to withdraw from Beirut West Zone. From August 21st to September 1st, more than 12,000 PLO headquarters and guerrillas were evacuated from Beirut West Zone to eight Arab countries including Jordan, Iraq, Tunisia, Sudan, Syria, Algeria, South Yemen and North Yemen. 25,000 Syrian soldiers stationed in Beirut West also withdrew to Bekaa Valley on August 30th and September 1st. From 21 to 25, French, American and Italian soldiers of the multinational force arrived in Beirut in batches to perform the task of guarding the withdrawal of the PLO and Syrian troops from the western part of Beirut. On September 10-13, the multinational forces also left Lebanon one after another.


  On September 15th, the Israeli army moved into the west area of Beirut on the grounds that Lebanese President Bacher Gemayel was killed. Under the pressure of international public opinion, on September 29, the Israeli army withdrew, and multinational peace forces returned to Beirut West District to maintain order. But a large number of Israeli troops still occupy it. After five months of negotiations, Lebanon and Israel signed a withdrawal agreement. However, both Syria and the PLO opposed this agreement and the agreement was abolished. Since then, the Israeli army has unilaterally withdrawn from Lebanon in batches.


  In this war, more than 3,000 people were killed or injured in the saline-alkali land of the PLO, more than 100 tanks were destroyed, 500 guns were fired, and more than 400 secret warehouses were occupied. The Syrian army suffered more than 1,000 casualties, lost more than 400 tanks and 58 aircraft.


  (Excerpted from The Story of Major World Military Events after World War II, edited by Xie Zhaohui and Luo Qingwang)

Editor: Wang Yuxi

Counting the 56 most beautiful scenery in China, it is not easy to go to 10, and it is too happy to go to 30.

In everyone’s age, there has been a longing for travel, a trip that says go. But in reality, for various reasons, this beautiful hope has changed and become a beautiful dream that I dream back every midnight. If you haven’t set foot on that dream trip, you might as well follow this article and visit the most beautiful places in China today!

1. The most beautiful ancient city wall in China-Wan Li Great Wall.

Up and down for more than 2,000 years and over 100,000 miles, the Great Wall is an ancient military defense project in China, a great miracle created by working people in ancient China, a witness to the long history of China, and is regarded as a symbol of China by the world. It meanders like a dragon among the vast mountains, condensing the national spirit of self-improvement and the patriotic feelings of unity and perseverance.It’s not a hero who doesn’t reach the Great Wall. It condenses the wisdom of ancient people, is a miracle on this blue planet, and is the pride and pride hidden in the bones of China people.

2. The most beautiful palace in China-Beijing Forbidden City.

It is the most complete and largest ancient wooden structure complex in China and even in the world. It is the essence of ancient palace architecture in China and is known as the first of the five largest palaces in the world. I don’t know how many people are attracted to stop. Legend has it that there are 9,999 and a half temples and palaces, which are called the sea of temples and palaces. Both the plane layout and the magnificent three-dimensional effect are unparalleled masterpieces. A central axis runs through the whole Forbidden City, resplendent and magnificent, which is a national treasure.

3. Xi ‘an, the most beautiful ancient capital of China.

From Chang ‘an to Xi ‘an, one of the four world-famous ancient capitals, the ancient capital with the largest number of dynasties and the longest history in China, is the starting point of the Silk Road and the birthplace of Chinese civilization, bearing several heights and firsts in the history of Chinese civilization. Every brick and tile and every ruin in Xi ‘an has countless history and stories. For today’s Chinese people, Xi ‘an is the most prosperous and brilliant era sustenance of Chinese civilization, with the charming music of Chinese civilization buried, and it is also the Millennium elegance of an ancient country.

4. The most beautiful spring in China-Linzhi

The silver has not been removed in winter, and it is already an ocean of flowers. Tree after tree, covered with hillsides, stretched out to the banks of the Niyang River, under the snow-capped mountains, and in the valley, competing in full bloom. This is the peach blossom in Linzhi, the wonder of the peach forest in the depths of the plateau, and the paradise surrounded by fragrance, which is as colorful as oil painting.The harmonious beauty of nature is vividly presented here.Meet the most beautiful spring in China with the people you love most.Peach blossom appointment to Linzhi.

5. The most beautiful temple in China-Labrang Temple.

In the secret land of Gannan, Tibet, Labrang Temple stands quietly on the north bank of Daxia River, like a pearl of Tibetan plateau, shining with wise Buddha’s light, waiting for all the people in the world. This is a sacred place in the hearts of believers.Clockwise windingLabuleng templeA circle is a pilgrimage ceremony of Tibetan Buddhism.Walking between the white walls and the yellow eaves,A long warp corridor,Keep turning the warp beam,Whispering Sanskrit,The scent of Tibetan incense,All this is enough to make Labrang Temple deeply rooted in people’s hearts.

6. The most beautiful belief in China-Seda in western Sichuan

Seda is the most remote corner in northwest Sichuan. Some people say that it is a place where the soul wakes up, while others say that it is a pure land without earthly triviality. No matter how many words are used to describe a place that is back to nature and quiet, it is not as good as taking a look at it in person.Its beauty comes from nature, just like Hada is white and pure. This red Buddhist country is a place where thousands of people believe and seek inner peace.From the moment I met Seda, I knew that this would be the place I would miss in my life.

7. Erhai Lake, the most beautiful romantic place in China.

Erhai Lake is not a sea, but it is more beautiful than any sea. Erhai Lake is gentle and free, and it belongs to everyone. Erhai Lake is picturesque, its scenery is beautiful, and its sea and sky are the same color. As long as you come here, they all belong to you. Facing the sea, the poem of spring blossoms seems to be tailor-made for it. Blowing the wind of Erhai Lake, bathed in the sunshine of Erhai Lake, seeing trees and water integrated, immersed in the comfort of mountains and rivers, and heading for the distance, what a poetic life.

8. Lugu Lake, the most beautiful oriental daughter country in China.

Walking into Lugu Lake is like entering a mysterious world outside. There are blue lakes, strange-shaped mountains, wonderful lakes and mountains, and Mosuo people who are passionate, romantic, hardworking and kind live here. What is shrouded here is quiet, peaceful and wonderful, just like being in a mysterious country. Walking between the mountains and rivers of Lugu Lake, looking up is the blue sky. Squinting, enjoying under this blue sky, feeling that reaching out can touch happiness. The sunshine is slightly oblique, and the warm light covers the lake, which is full of charm.

9. Xishuangbanna, the most beautiful tropical rain forest in China.

Xishuangbanna, which is famous far and near, is full of green everywhere, with Buddhist temples and pagodas dotted all over the place, and the chanting of Brahma music is full of natural simplicity, tranquility and peace everywhere. This is an ideal and magical paradise for Dai people. Numerous rare birds, animals, exotic plants and grasses thrive in this paradise. It is a paradise for animals and plants and a beautiful oasis on the Tropic of Cancer! The graceful figure of Dai girls, the beautiful peacock dance, and the symbiotic things are bathed in poetic spring scenery and picturesque autumn wind.

10. The most beautiful and pure paradise in China-Daocheng Aden

People who have never been to Daocheng will be fascinated by a photo, and those who have been to Daocheng will never forget it at a glance! But when you get there, you will know that all the beautiful scenery is imagined, but it is unexpected. Wan Li Changfeng blows over the top of the snow-capped mountains, endless greenery covers every inch of meadow, the blue of the sky pours into Haizi, and the flowing Milky Way sheds vast splendor. When all this is happening together, Daocheng Aden can afford all the admiration in the world.

11. Kanas Lake, the most beautiful lake in China.

Kanas is a lake with a story. Whether it is obsessed with its legend or its color, it is full of mystery and charm. Kanas Lake is known as a fairyland on earth, with its snowy peaks towering over the green slopes and the beautiful lakes and mountains. The lake is blue and the peaks are hidden.Xiangyun fairy spirit permeates it,Just like walking into a three-dimensional painting of the Wizard of Oz, every minute is a dream feeling of entering the depths of the forest. The purity and splendor of the northwest are vividly interpreted, which makes nature fill the body and mind and gives people a sense of elegance and dust removal.

12. Luoping, the most beautiful karst landform in China.

The magical and beautiful Luoping Peak Forest has vast peaks. Against the background of blue sky and white clouds, a golden world comes into view. Rape blossoms compete in the sun, stretching all the way to the distant dark blue hills and finally blending into the blue sky.Each peak, viewed from different angles, can appreciate the charm is also different.Standing on the top of the mountain and looking around, the cone-shaped hills with different shapes are dotted in the endless sea of green and yellow, and the blue peaks and golden waves set each other off, which is extremely beautiful.

13. hulun buir grassland, the most beautiful grassland in China.

In the northern country, there are endless greens, rolling Daxing ‘anling Mountains and beautiful and rich lakes in Hulunbeier.There are too many beautiful scenery that people can’t forget.The wind blows grass and cattle and sheep are low. The sky is as blue as washing, and it is connected with green grass in the sky. Lakes and rivers crisscross and shine under the blue sky and white clouds. Being in the harmonious landscape of heaven and earth, the fragrant smell of vegetation comes to the nose, which makes people feel relaxed and intoxicated.existHulun BuirThere is a kind of trip that is worthwhile, and I don’t want to leave when I come.

14. Lhasa, the most beautiful hiding place in China.

Everyone has a dream called Lhasa. Did you realize it? I must go to Lhasa once in my life, to see the blue sky and white clouds there, to feel the culture where faith is supreme, to taste the highland barley wine butter tea with my own eyes, to listen to the lamas’ serious debate, to take a pious turn of the scriptures and to see the blue sky floating with clouds with my own eyes. Tibet is the ultimate dream in many people’s hearts. Only when you have been there and felt it with your heart can you feel the sublimation of one’s heart, which is something you can’t feel anywhere else.

15. Hemu Village, the most beautiful fairy tale village in China.

A river, a forest and grassland, an ancient nation and village, here is the beautiful Hemu, the fairy tale world of Kanas.Far away from the hubbub, it has always maintained a simple and honest folk customs, with long mountains, winding paths, curling smoke and leisurely cattle and sheep.Rows of neat Tuwa cabins are so natural and harmonious with the surrounding environment.Being in a fairyland, tasting a pot of tea, listening to a bird song, browsing a roll of idle books and enjoying all the stars, everything is so beautiful.

16. Ejina, the most beautiful Populus euphratica forest in China.

China’s most fascinating autumn scenery, Ejina’s waiting for 3,000 years, is only for your arrival. An autumn wind makes a pen, drawing the wind and sand all over the sky.The most tenacious Populus euphratica in the wasteland changed its posture after the autumn frost hit, dotted with blue sky and lakes, and met the dazzling Populus euphratica forest.For this place where the beauty is only 20 days in a year, Ejina in autumn has the most beautiful scenery and stories. It is a place where you can only travel once a year. If you miss it, you will have to wait another year for the next meeting.

17. The most beautiful forest in China-Daxinganling

Daxinganling. The northernmost side of China, the rivers and mountains, are not as spectacular as the snow-capped mountains in the west, nor are they as eye-catching as the Five Mountains.If you are infatuated with Daxinganling, it must be the forest!The golden autumn here is full of golden fruits,Autumn is too beautiful here to be on earth.The vast and beautiful forest,Playing a most beautiful autumn fairy tale,The colors of all life are released in this forest. When you enter the autumn in Daxing ‘anling, the leaves are yellow and fall, and the flowers bloom and fade. Watching migratory birds fly south, you will feel a reincarnation of life.

18. The most beautiful gallery in China-Three Gorges of the Yangtze River

The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River has a unique landform, and its natural scenery is famous at home and abroad. It is the essence of the Yangtze River scenery and the treasure of China’s landscape, shining with charming brilliance. The strange peaks in the gorge area are abrupt, the cliffs are lined up and continuous, just like a winding gallery, full of poetry and painting, with scenery everywhere and scenery connected.Since ancient times, the Three Gorges has written too many beautiful legends, just like a hearty ink painting, which is novel and beautiful.The beauty here is more breathtaking than many famous mountains and rivers.

19. Lijiang River, the most beautiful landscape in China.

There are thousands of paintings in the Baili River, and the landscape of the Lijiang River is the best in the world. It is the most beautiful karst landscape in the world, a pearl of China’s splendid rivers and mountains, and the essence of Guilin’s scenery. There are mountains and green mountains, beautiful waters, strange caves, beautiful rocks, green continents, dangerous beaches, deep pools and waterfalls. The Lijiang River has a variety of flavors in different weather, with the reflection of Qingfeng on sunny days, misty clouds on cloudy days and dreamy rain on rainy days. There are surprises everywhere in this landscape. Wandering the Lijiang River, watching the reflection of Qifeng, the clear water and green hills, the pastoral songs and the quaint countryside, everything is so poetic.

20. The most beautiful ink painting in China-Wuyuan

Wuyuan isA place naturally full of poetry,This ancient village surrounded by clouds is as beautiful as a dream. The quaint building with white walls and tiles is like a slowly unfolding mountain ink painting. An abbreviated version of the Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, surrounded by thousands of ancient trees and 10,000 mu of terraced fields. View the rape flower sea in spring, follow the stream in the summer play canyon, enjoy the ancient village in autumn and enjoy the rural agricultural customs in winter. In the brewing of time, it has become more and more charming and has become the most ancient village in China, which makes people think infinitely.

21. The most beautiful scenery in China-West Lake

If you want to compare the West Lake with the West Lake, it is always appropriate to put on light makeup and heavy makeup. There are too many beautiful and moving legends about the West Lake.The beauty of the West Lake infected Su Dongpo, and Su Dongpo infected everyone. For thousands of years, many people yearn for the West Lake, stroll through Su Causeway and enjoy it. The West Lake has the spring dawn in Su Causeway, the wind and lotus in Quyuan in summer, the autumn moon in Pinghu and the broken bridge in winter. In the West Lake, there is spring dawn in Su Causeway in the morning, willow waves singing warblers at noon, sunset with Leifeng sunset, and the night with three pools and the moon at four o’clock. The scenery is different and picturesque.

22. Huangguoshu Waterfall, the most beautiful celestial fairy spring in China.

Huangguoshu Waterfall is famous as the largest waterfall in China, and many words of praise can’t describe the magnificence of its pouring down. Pentium river from the cliff, rushing straight down the rhinoceros pond, making a deafening noise, such as thousands of people beating drums, Ma Benteng, sound like thunder, miles away from the earthquake, sound into the ear, sound into the heart. The spray from the waterfall soared like rain and fog,Under the refraction of the sun’s light, it is like colorful ripples splashed in circles, fixed on the mountain canyon, full of poetry and painting, which makes people relaxed and happy.

23. The most beautiful Danxia landform in China-Zhangye

Don’t look forward to the snow on Qilian Mountain, and mistake Zhangye for the south of the Yangtze River. When you come to Zhangye, you will find that there are too many beautiful things hidden in this ancient silk town on the Hexi Corridor.When you climb slowly in a hot air balloon, the sun shines brightly, and a huge color painting spreads before your eyes.The wonderful peaks and gullies are as colorful as flowers, as bright as the sun. I didn’t come here in person, I didn’t see it with my own eyes, and I couldn’t imagine it. This mysterious region, which has exceeded 100 million years, is beautiful and magnificent.

24. the ancient town of xitang, the most beautiful water town in China.

The water in the Spring and Autumn Period, the towns in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the buildings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the modern people are the most appropriate descriptions of the ancient town of xitang. Standing in the depths of Xitang scenery, it seems that time has stopped or flowed back to a past node. Streets are built by the river, and houses are built by the water.Blue bricks and tiles, white walls and ink ceilings, deep alleys, vicissitudes of corridors and sheds, sparkling boat shadows and dreamy water towns are amazing.Fascinated. Everything in Xitang water town exudes a romantic atmosphere. In the long years, there is always a scene that can be remembered when you taste the mellow taste of time.

25. The most beautiful garden in China-Humble Administrator’s Garden

Humble Administrator’s Garden, the largest classical garden in Suzhou, has strong characteristics of Jiangnan water town, whichIt is the memory of an era in China, with winding paths in the garden.Taking water as the center, the mountains and rivers are lingering, the halls and pavilions are exquisite, and the flowers and trees are lush.A stone wall with many porches and hollowed-out patterns can be said to be a step by step.Bamboo fence, thatched pavilion and thatched cottage are integrated with natural landscape, simple and elegant. Even after more than 400 years, you can still feel the elegant circulation. Everywhere is full of poetry and painting. It is true that you don’t know the beauty of gardens until you reach Suzhou!

26. The most beautiful ginkgo village in China-Tengchong Ginkgo Village

From the first touch of new green blooming branches, to the last golden leaf quietly ending, from the new village in the southwest border, to the poetry and distance that everyone yearns for, with the striking golden romance, comfortable and leisurely poetic residence. The autumn wind is slowly blowing, and the ginkgo leaves of a tree are blown into golden yellow, which sets off the antique villages.Everything the eyes can capture is dazzling golden yellow, in full bloom.The city is covered with the peerless beauty of golden armour.,Woven into an intoxicating beauty of the village in the forest, trees at home and people in the painting.

27. Danba, the most beautiful beauty valley village in China.

The Tibetan area here is inhabited by Jiarong Tibetans, whose ancestors were aristocrats, and many of them have their own watchtowers. Legend has it that it is the refuge of Xixia royalty, and there are beauties everywhere.Accompanied by the gentle breeze, overlooking the scattered Tibetan towers and enjoying the scenery of Dadu River Valley. The ancient watchtower with a long history, various forms of pot dance, solemn ancient Tibetan opera, gorgeous and gorgeous Jiarong Tibetan clothes, steaming buttered tea, crispy and delicious steamed buns are all so lively and fragrant that people feel like strolling in Xanadu.

28. The most beautiful Hakka building in China-Fujian Tulou

It is a unique residential building in the world, dotted with earth buildings at the foot of the mountain, beside the stream, in the fields and even on the swamp, telling the warm past of Hakka people.Like pearls, like happy doughnuts, the earth buildings are scattered among the green mountains and green hills in southwest Fujian, blending the elements of heaven and earth, living in harmony with each other, bearing the sky and clouds, meditating in the years like water, with stars and stories lying in your arms, fermenting a steaming, lively and fragrant fireworks life, which is extremely fantastic and spectacular.

29. Yuanyang Terrace, the most beautiful terrace in China.

The Hani people, who have lived in Yuanyang Mountain for generations, have used ancient wisdom to build thousands of terraces vertically distributed in this flat land, and wonderful lines and gorgeous colors have become a scenic spot. During the irrigation period, Yuanyang terraced fields, like countless mirrors broken and scattered on the earth, reflect the colorful sky, and the amazing curves under the light and shadow are as dreamlike as the sky, recording the sunrise and sunset at every moment, like an extremely elegant ink painting, which is indescribable and fascinating.

30. Chaka Salt Lake, the most beautiful sky in China.

Yes, there is a place called the mirror of the sky in Qinghai.The sky is close at your fingertips, and all your troubles will be forgotten in this blue country.The lake is like a mirror that can shine on the sky, making the lake dream like a fairy tale world. In this beautiful scenery of water and sky, for a moment, you can’t even tell where the sky is and where the lake is. Here, people always have an illusion that reach for the sky is stretched out and the stars are scattered all over the earth. This beautiful scene can reveal the truest beauty in the world.

31. The most beautiful blue in China-Qinghai Lake

Water and sky are the same color, and the sea and sky meet, which is probably Qinghai Lake.A huge jade jade plate is horizontally embedded between mountains and grasslands, and the lake is a vast grassland. The mountains, lakes and grasslands set each other off. When the sea of rape blossoms is in full bloom, the white clouds turn into marshmallows, the blue sky seems within reach, the lake level is like a mirror, and the blue becomes deeper and quieter. Yaks are strolling everywhere, sheep are grazing, and a picture of the pastoral of cattle and sheep is low.At first glance, it is vast, ethereal, magnificent, poetic and refreshing.

32. The most beautiful no-man’s land in China-Hoh Xil

This is the roof of the world of the world,When a ray of goose yellow is rubbed into the cyan, it gives people a sense of desolation. This desolate and mysterious forbidden area of life has made countless people wave upon wave and vowed to conquer this land.This is a forbidden area for human beings, but it is not a forbidden area for life. It is a paradise for all kinds of wild animals. Wild yaks and Tibetan gazelles can be seen from time to time in the vast world, and everything is quiet and peaceful. Although the beauty of Hoh Xil is fascinating, we must understand that life is paramount, and we must not rashly enter the no-man’s land where the crisis is four.

33. The most beautiful ghost city in China-Wuerhe Fengcheng

The world’s beautiful Yadan, carved by wind and rain, is a masterpiece of nature, but also a strange product under the changes of time. Looking up from afar, it seems to be a dreamy maze world, and all kinds of landscapes are exquisite and vivid. This is the Wind City of Urhe.In the ravines with different depths on the ground, the stone layers are grotesque, such as temples, pavilions, castles, people and animals, which are spectacular and mysterious.Shuttle through the magic maze world, feel the dream and mystery of the brilliant Yadan, amazing.

34. The most beautiful Millennium Watch in China-Crescent Spring in Mingsha Mountain.

A piece of green is hidden in the arms of Mingsha Mountain, and the crescent spring lies in the oasis, which is a unique spectacle of sand and water in China. For thousands of years, I don’t know how many people have climbed and slid down, but Mingsha Mountain still stands tall and the sound of singing sand is still heard. Crescent Moon Spring is surrounded by Mingsha Mountain, which looks like a crescent moon, rippling, as blue as jade. The spring is in quicksand, and the drought is not exhausted, and the wind blows the sand, which is quite spectacular.Being in such a beautiful scenery with blue sky and white clouds and clear sand and spring, I feel the magical charm of nature.

35. The most beautiful highway in China-Duku Highway

This miracle highway, hidden in the depths of Tianshan Mountain, spans 10 rivers, crosses 4 high-altitude Daban, which is covered with snow all year round, passes through 3 beautiful grasslands, and runs through the top scenic spots in northern and southern Xinjiang. No highway can match it! You ask local people in Xinjiang how to appreciate the beauty of Xinjiang in a short time. The answer must be to drive by car on the Duku Highway! During the driving, it only takes one second to conquer your eyes and shake your heart. Look at the four seasons all the way, and you will never really understand its exquisiteness if you don’t go once in your life!

36. Meili Snow Mountain, the most beautiful snow mountain in China.

Meili Snow Mountain is famous for its majestic and mysterious nature.It is a sacred place in the hearts of countless people. Lancang River and Nujiang River flow from the foot of the mountain on the east and west sides.The looming sea of clouds has put a mysterious veil on the snow-capped mountains.existUnder the kawakarpo, the glaciers are continuous, like a jade dragon, and the ice and snow are dazzling. Meili’s Rizhao Jinshan is a rare scenic spot that many people dream of.The golden light fell from the sky and shone on the top of the snow-capped mountains.Between the clouds, it only takes a brake, and the sky is golden and moving beyond words.

37. Mount Everest, the most beautiful mountain in China.

Mount Everest, located on the roof of the world,The title of the top of the world is not a privilege that can be enjoyed by any mountain peak, attracting countless climbers to climb it every year.Pyramid-shaped mountains, majestic and majestic, hold their heads high in the sky, and the whole body of ice and snow shines in the sun. This is the closest place to the sky, the mysterious sacred mountain in everyone’s heart, and the place that countless people yearn for. The sky here is blue and spotless, and the mountains in the clouds are towering, shocking people, and the mountains have never been so appropriate.

38. Emei Mountain, the most beautiful Buddhist shrine in China.

On the southwest edge of Sichuan Basin, Mount Emei is the best place in the world. The mountains are endless and winding, and the mountains are covered with clouds all the year round. There are four seasons in one mountain and different days in ten miles. Looking at the snowy peaks in the west, the mountains are connected with the sky, looking at the top of the Buddha in the south, the clouds are rolling, and the north is a hundred miles flat, like a splendid shop.Overlooking the whole sea of clouds at the foot, like the shore of the sea, boundless,A mirage in the golden palace is like a fairyland in heaven.Like a thousand years, like a thousand years, the sun rises and the stars set, and so on,Bring people into that dreamy magical realm.

39. Laojun Mountain, the most beautiful paradise on earth in China.

Go to the world for a grand banquet and see the world’s prosperity. The peaks of Laojunshan Mountain are beautiful, and the ground is pulled up to the sky, with various poses and great momentum. In spring, the mountain flowers are full of fragrance, in summer, they are fresh, thorough, cool and pleasant, and in autumn, they are more sage-like. In winter, the snow scene in Laojun Mountain is vast, and heaven and earth meet Qionglou Tiangong.The cloud takes the mountain as the body, and the mountain takes the cloud as the clothing. It changes endlessly, ups and downs, and it is full of fantasy and elegance.Standing on the top of the mountain, the mountains far and near are under your feet, the sea of clouds is rolling, and the peaks are looming, like a perfect picture of a fairyland where heaven and man are one.

40. The most beautiful color in China-Jiuzhaigou

Jiuzhai is a dream, which is too beautiful to be true, but it really exists in the world.The scenery of the four seasons here is different, and people are amazed at it all the time. In spring, the buds are green and the waterfalls are brisk. In summer, the lake is surrounded by greenery, and the birds fly and dance. In autumn, the red leaves are paved with mountains, and the colorful forests are everywhere. In winter, the mountains are covered with snow and the ice waterfalls are like jade. Trees are born in water, and water flows in trees, which is better than fairyland on earth and is full of the most beautiful colors in the world.The colors you have seen or have never seen seem to gather here and become a colorful world.

41. Fanjing Mountain, the most beautiful city in China.

There is a place that is full of dangers and wonders. It depends on a pious heart to capture its elegance. This is China’s sky city, floating in the sky like a green ark in the vast sea of clouds, standing in the towering Wuling Mountains stretching for thousands of miles, telling the vicissitudes of more than one billion years. This is Fanjing Mountain in the dreamland of Buddhism.Only the ingenuity of nature can create this unique and shocking masterpiece like myths and legends!The unpredictable beauty makes people intoxicated with the infinite Zen of Brahma Pure Land.

42. The most beautiful desert in China-Badain Jaran Desert.

The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river falls in the yen. It is the Badain Jaran Desert. Although it is not the largest, it is a desert with the highest value. Before you came to Badain Jaran, you might be afraid of the vastness of the desert. After you went to Badain Jaran, you fell in love with the desert. It’s not very barren, and here you can see Sha Feng, the lake and the blue sky inexplicably blended together, which is a fantastic charm.The leisurely camel bell is telling the story here, and no desert is more beautiful than Bataan.

43. Nujiang Grand Canyon, the most beautiful canyon in China.

This is the longest, most mysterious, most beautiful, most primitive and quaint Oriental Grand Canyon in the world, and it is the original ecological secret of China’s possession.The flowers and trees here recite the rhythm of life, and echo each other here carries the triumph of civilization. The Nujiang Grand Canyon is high in mountains, deep in valleys and urgent in water, with fragrant white flowers on both sides, lush virgin forests on the mountainside and picturesque scenery covered with snow and ice in winter and spring. Its natural ecology is like heaven. For thousands of years, the Nujiang River has maintained its unique purity, and every sound of it is enough to wash the soul.

44. Huangshan Mountain, the most beautiful natural bonsai in China.

It is the best evaluation of Huangshan Mountain to return without looking at the mountains and Huangshan Mountain without looking at the mountains. Huangshan mountain has one peak and one posture, one stone and one state, one pine and one painting.Enjoy a good reputation in ancient and modern times. Huangshan Mountain, with its beautiful peaks and majestic valleys, is famous for its wonderful pines, strange rocks, sea of clouds, hot springs and winter snow. The four seasons of Huangshan Mountain are picturesque, with fantastic pines and rocks in sunny days, clouds changing in cloudy days, flowing springs and waterfalls in rainy days, beautiful trees in snowy days, and pines in empty valleys in the wind.There are thousands of beautiful scenery in Huangshan Mountain, just like a fairyland on earth. There is always a place where you want poetry and distance.

45. Guo Liang Village, the most beautiful cliff family in China.

As far as the eye can see, the Taihang Mountain is towering, and the cliffs stand tall and steep, and between the mountains and rivers, there is poetry and painting.Here is the best village in China, which is located on a steep cliff. It is known for its precipitousness and is called a village hanging on the precipice.The villagers here still live a life of sunrise and sunset. This simple feeling is hard to find in today’s fast-paced era. If you feel that life is too complicated, you might as well take a nap here for a few days and feel the slow time here quietly.

46. Chengdu, the laziest city in China.

Chengdu is a city that you don’t want to leave when you come. In Chengdu, sunbathing, playing mahjong, drinking tea and chatting are the serious things.About Chengdu, a thousand people have a thousand opinions, but the only thing that is the same is that they are moved by the life here.When you come to Chengdu, just slow down the hasty pace and take a walk in the streets of Chengdu. Kuanzhai Lane, Jinli and Chunxi Road are all places worth tasting slowly.When you set foot on this land of Chengdu, you can always slow down unconsciously, and the world suddenly becomes quiet, simple and happy.

47. Chongqing, the most beautiful mountain city and foggy city in China.

Chongqing is a famous paradise for eating goods, and the world-famous hot pot is spicy and delicious, attracting countless diners to compete. Whether standing on the Nanshan Mountain or overlooking the Yangtze River cableway from the air, you can enjoy the bright night known as Little Hong Kong and have a panoramic view of the scenery of the two rivers. Magic terrain, dreamy night scene, it makes countless people come here, gather here, eat hot pot to watch the night scene, simply kill time and live happily.Bayu is as beautiful as a splendid land, so maybe you can get some leisure and walk into Chongqing with beautiful mountains, beautiful water and more beautiful people.

48. Weizhou Island, the most beautiful island in China.

Weizhou Island is bordered by Guangxi Beihai in the north and Leizhou Peninsula in the east. It is an island formed by volcanic eruption, with marine erosion, marine deposit and lava landscape. It is the youngest volcanic island in China with rippling blue waves and beautiful scenery. The marine erosion landform and volcanic lava are absolutely amazing. Riding an electric donkey on Weizhou Island hit the sea breeze, shuttled through the dense shade, and occasionally came across some exotic buildings. Walking along the silver beach with the sea breeze and walking leisurely along the coastline, the waves are undulating at the feet, away from the bustling and noisy, which is really a kind of enjoyment.

49. The most beautiful waterway in China-Xitai Jiner Lake Highway.

This is a section of water highway located in Xitai Jinaier Lake. The G315 National Road passes through Xitai Jinaier Lake, splitting the lake in half to form a unique two-color lake. The lakes on both sides, emerald green on the left and Tiffany blue on the right, are completely different, with distinct left and right sides, which are extremely strange and beautiful. The blue sky is like a huge mirror under the reflection of the lake. It is a real water and sky, and the atmosphere is quiet and like a fairyland. Even if you simply take a picture with your mobile phone at any time, you can take amazing photos.

50. The most beautiful ink and wash scenery in China-Zhangjiajie West Sea Peak Forest

There are thousands of stone peaks in Shentang Bay in Wulingyuan, which are endless. It is a unique peak forest landscape in the world. It is magnificent, magnificent, ingenious in shape and beautiful in artistic conception, which can be called nature’s masterpiece.Between the peaks, canyons and waterfalls can be seen everywhere. The clouds and vapours in the valley are hovering among the mountains, the sea of clouds is thick and light, the stone peaks are hidden and present, and the scene is changeable.Beautiful, just like ink painting, walking in the meantime, such as in Traveling in a pictorial world, amazing.

51. Utsu, the most beautiful water Yadan in China.

This is an unparalleled beauty hidden on the Qinghai Plateau, and few people know it so far. In the endless desert Gobi, a piece of Wang Yang emerges out of thin air. Yadan landform stands on this piece of Wang Yang. Yadan of different sizes is all over the blue water surface, forming a magnificent water Yadan group, which is magical and mysterious, with unparalleled stunning scenery. Here, every stone is like an illusory piece of pure land of immortals. Looking around, there is no end in sight, giving people unlimited freedom to daydream.

52. The most beautiful glacier world in China-Cuojia Glacier.

Cuojia Glacier is an ice blue world deep in Tibet, a mysterious and little-known place, but it is the best accessible land mountain glacier found at present, which can be contacted at zero distance. All kinds of icicles and ice cracks stand in the glacier in a strange way.The towering glaciers, under the irradiation of sunlight, emit crystal blue, which is unforgettable at first sight.. Into the primitive glaciers,It’s like walking into a crystal palace.It’s like going back to the ancient ice age.As if through time and space, came to another planet.

53. Old Town of Lijiang, the most beautiful ancient city in China.

On a plateau platform under Yulong Snow Mountain, the ancient city is built by mountains and rivers. It is an ancient city without walls.People who like Lijiang, in addition to nostalgia for its beautiful scenery, the most attractive thing is the carefree and slow life here. Between the green hills and the tiles, by the small bridge and the flowing water covered with green flowers, enjoy the warm embrace of the sun, the gentle caress at night, let the mood fly freely, experience the true charm of life, and flow all expectations in time to bloom more brilliantly.

54. Zada Tulin, the most beautiful Martian world in China.

When you see this scene in front of you, you will definitely sigh at the ingenuity of nature. There is nothing but sand here. The rivers that once existed have long dried up and disappeared, and the oases that once existed are hard to trace, leaving only silence. The north wind of the plateau blows out the rough land of western Tibet, but it is so exquisitely crafted, extremely barren and also the ultimate temptation. This is the unique scenery of Tibetan Ali, full of mysterious dreaminess. This is a place that will make you worthwhile, and you will find that desolation can be so beautiful.

55. Zhagana, the most beautiful pure land on earth in China.

This is a magical secret place in Gannan, and it is a complete natural stone city. Simplicity, tranquility and primitiveness are the first impressions of Zhaga Na, just like the Peach Blossom Garden in Tao Yuanming’s works. In the eyes of local people, this is the place created by immortals; In the eyes of anthropologists, this is the most typical rural settlement on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the eyes of photographers, the scenery here is as beautiful as a fairyland. Under the blue sky and white clouds, everything is poetic. Zhaga is a sacred place where half fireworks and half immortals go at least once in their lives.

56. The most beautiful colorful canyon in China-Anji Sea.

There is a magical secret place in Tacheng, Xinjiang, which is called rivers and canyons flowing out of modernist abstract paintings and is the source of color hidden in the northern foot of Tianshan Mountain. The surging Anji Haihe River rushes along the canyon, flying down and sweeping the bottom of the valley, forming a colorful landscape of abstract paintings of the earth. The ever-changing light and shadow rendering is dazzling and spectacular. Facing the Anjihai Grand Canyon and having a panoramic view of everything, you have to admit that any words are pale and powerless.

Only when a person is traveling can he hear his own voice. It will tell you that the world is wider than expected. go toLooking forward to the distant place, you don’t have to envy foreign countries, you don’t have to go abroad, you just have to travel around China and see the beautiful scenery of the motherland, and you are also a super traveler!

These unique beautiful scenery in China can amaze all your time. Let’s go through the 56 most beautiful poems and distant places in China! How many of these places have you been to? Which do you think is the most beautiful? What other beautiful places in China have you been to? Welcome to leave a message in the comment area. Let’s talk together.

The "fast fashion" mode causes waste of resources, and the new EU regulations prohibit clothing enterprises from destroying unsold products.

According to a number of foreign media reports from the World Wide Web, in order to crack down on the "fast fashion" mode and reduce the waste of resources, the European Union recently approved new regulations prohibiting large retail enterprises from destroying unsold clothing and footwear.

According to reports, the new regulations not only require enterprises to improve the "durability, reusability, upgradeability and repairability" of their products, but also require garment manufacturers to provide product information through Digital Product Passport. The EU said that enterprises must "take measures to prevent this practice" to make products more durable, facilitate subsequent recycling and reduce resource consumption.

It is reported that the destruction of unsold inventory goods is an open secret of the fashion industry, and the EU hopes to end these unsustainable practices. Alexandra Moreti, a member of the European Parliament, said in a statement: "It is time to end the’ acquisition, manufacturing and disposal’ model, which is very harmful to our planet, our health and our economy." He also said that "banning the destruction of unsold textiles and footwear products will help change the way fast fashion manufacturers produce goods".

Scott Lipinski, CEO of the German Fashion Association and the European Fashion Federation (EFA), said that the EU needs to clarify the meaning of "unsold goods" and "destruction". For the association, unsold goods mean that they are suitable for consumption or sale (excluding fakes and samples). The industry is also firmly committed to opening up new methods, such as remanufacturing and upgrading recycling, which give unsold products a second life and allow creative freedom.

It is reported that the new regulation issued by the European Union will take effect for large enterprises in two years, and medium-sized enterprises can be exempted from the regulation for six years, while smaller enterprises (less than 50 employees) can be exempted. Some data show that the influence of textile consumption on climate change is second only to food, housing and transportation.

After reading these 14 historical truths, I found that some facts are different from what you think! How many do you know?

1. Women in Song Dynasty will be fined if they don’t marry at fourteen.

During the Song Renzong period, men were married at the age of fifteen and women at the age of thirteen; Ming Taizu stipulates that a man marries at the age of 16 and a woman marries at the age of 14. A woman who does not marry at the legal age will be fined.

For example, when Emperor Xiaohui of the Han Dynasty was filial, anyone who wanted to have a daughter who was over 15 to 30 years old and had not married was fined 600 yuan; In the Tang Dynasty, men over the age of 20 and girls over the age of 15 were also punished.

2. Zhongguancun was originally a eunuch nursing home.

Zhongguancun, a desolate cemetery decades ago, is mostly the tomb of eunuchs.Because eunuchs were called "middle officials" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called "middle official grave".

Eunuchs built temples and old-age manors here, and because they were called "middle officials" at that time, they called this place "middle official village". After liberation, they chose to build the China Academy of Sciences here. They thought the word "middle official" was not good, so they changed their names to "Zhongguancun".

3. Confucius is the pioneer of Weibo style.

The Analects of Confucius is the earliest collection of Weibo;

1. Each Analects does not exceed 140 words;

2, concise and profound;

3, more fragmented, mostly for Confucius to bask in the mood and exchange philosophy.

4. Strong interaction, and often reply and interact with Zigong, Yan Hui, Zilu, etc.

5. Confucius has more than 3,000 fans, 72 of whom are V tuba.

4. The origin of "jealousy" originated from the Tang Dynasty.

Fang Xuanling was the prime minister for 22 years and was an important founder of Zhenguan rule.In order to show his merits, Emperor Taizong gave two beautiful women. Then this angered the prime minister’s wife and forbade beautiful women to enter the house.

Li Shimin gave her two choices:One is to get back the beauty; The second is to drink the "poisoned wine" given by the royal family.

After the heroic Mrs. Fang drank the "poisoned wine" on the spot, she knew it was a cup of vinegar. Emperor Taizong couldn’t help but take back the beauty, and the word "jealous" spread.

5, Gao Qiu was Su Dongpo extremely.

Gao Qiu used to be Su Dongpo’s mini-story, that is, extremely well-behaved, good at copying.When Su Shi was transferred to Zhongshan House, he gave him to Wang Jinqing of Wang Shen, the captain of Xiaowangdu. Once, Wang Shen wanted to send Duan Wang was a comb knife for trimming sideburns, which was sent by Gao Qiu.

It happened that Duan Wang was playing cuju, and Gao Qiu took the opportunity to show off his skills, so he won the favor of Zhao Ji and stayed with Duan Wang from now on.After Zhao Ji succeeded to Song Huizong, Gao Qiu rose steadily.

6. Yan was not alone.

I always thought that Yan was one person, but it was ten people.Yamaraja in Ten Temples is the floorboard of ten hades who are in charge of hell, which is said by China Buddhism. This statement began in the late Tang Dynasty.

They are:King Guang of Qin, Chu Jiangwang, Emperor Song, King Wu Guan, Yan Luowang, King Bian Cheng, King Tai Shan, King Ping, King Du Shi and King Huan.

These ten kings live on the ten halls of hell respectively, because they are called the ten halls of hell.

7. "Hou" was originally the title of emperor.

When you see the last word, you will always think of the queen, the queen mother and so on.However, in ancient times, the latter word represented men, was the embodiment of power, the symbol of emperors and the title of the son of heaven.

Later, it was the title of emperor before the Zhou Dynasty, when the wife of the son of heaven was a princess, and later it was used as the title of emperor for more than 360 years. It was not until the Zhou Dynasty that the princess was renamed.

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, the emperor was called the emperor, and the emperor’s wife was called the queen.

8. In Wei and Jin Dynasties, a man must look like a beautiful woman to be beautiful.

In Wei and Jin Dynasties, a man had to look like a beautiful woman to be praised, and gentle female beauty was the standard of beautiful men.Noble men and women, almost everyone never leaves the mirror. Every day, they wear powder, lipstick and perfume, to the point where they disappear without makeup.

At that time, the famous handsome men were: writers Cao Zhi, Pan An and calligrapher Wang Xizhi …

9. Although the Ming emperor was dissolute, he had no wimps.

Although some emperors of the Ming Dynasty were dissolute and heartless, none of them were wimps!The Great Ming Dynasty lasted for 276 years, and never paid compensation, ceded land or paid tribute. The emperor guarded the country and the king died.

Emperor Chongzhen was martyred, but orthodox prisoners never begged for mercy. Longwu was killed in the battlefield, and Shaowu was captured and committed suicide by hunger strike.At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the soldiers were still divided into two ways to deal with the Manchu and the King, and they did not give up the desire of "the whole Liao can be restored" from beginning to end.

10. It was stipulated in the Song Dynasty that officials were not allowed to enter the wine shop, regardless of public or private funds, they were impeached.

According to Ouyang Xiu’s "Returning to the Field", Lu Su’s simple public service is a virtue, and the public service is easy to take and drink in a wine shop. Zhenzong asked, "Why did you enter the wine shop privately?" Gong said:"I am poor and have no utensils, and I have everything in the wine shop. I have come from afar with my relatives in the village, so I drink with them. However, the minister is easy to serve, and the city people have no knowledge of the minister. "

Zhenzong said, "Your majesty is a courtier, and I’m afraid he will be played by the censor."

11, the origin of the yellow flower girl

In ancient times, unmarried women liked to use yellow color to draw various patterns on their foreheads or faces when dressing up. It can also be cut into various patterns with yellow paper and pasted.

And "yellow flower" refers to chrysanthemum. Because chrysanthemum can resist cold in Ao Shuang, it is often used as a metaphor for people having moral integrity.

Therefore, adding the word "yellow flower" in front of the prostitute means that the woman is not married yet, but can remain chaste.

12. The origin of "Erguotou"

In the middle of Qing Dynasty, in order to improve the quality of shochu, Jingshi shochu Workshop needed to treat the distilled liquor, the "liquor head" cooled by cold water in the tin pot for the first time and the "liquor tail" cooled by cold water in the tin pot for the third time.

Because the first pot and the third pot are cooled by substances, only the wine that flows out after being cooled by the cold water changed into the tin pot for the second time is picked, so it is called "Erguotou".

13. Housing security system in Song Dynasty: the monthly rent of low-rent housing in Kaifeng is 106 yuan.

Building shop service, later renamed as "shop house service", is responsible for the management and maintenance of state-owned real estate, and to the public for rent. Look a little familiar! Equivalent to the current low-rent housing.At that time, there were 1192 public houses in Kaifeng, the capital, with a monthly rent of 170 yuan (RMB 106.25).

Can ordinary people afford to rent the land of capital city at the foot of the son of heaven?This is a housing security system, which is completely affordable.

14. Four nicknames of ancient China: Shenzhou, Kyushu, Huaxia and Zhongyuan.

1. China, the ancient sage took China’s China, which was called "the land of China".

2. Huaxia, originally referred to the Central Plains, later included the whole territory.

3. Kyushu, the ancient China, was divided into: Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Liang, Yong and Yu.

4. The Central Plains, the birthplace of Chinese civilization, was regarded as the center of the world by the Chinese nation in ancient times.


Source: WeChat WeChat official account "One Poetry and One Lesson", the original title "After reading these 14 historical truths, I realized how shallow my historical knowledge is! How many do you know? "

Editor: Hang Yifan

[Disclaimer: This number is the official public welfare account of "Reading for All", and this article is reproduced for the purpose of transmitting more information. Please contact us if the source is mislabeled or suspected of infringing your legitimate rights and interests. We will correct and delete it in time, thank you. 】

How does traditional culture "tide"? | China Youth said

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"Hanfu fever" is a national trend. When more and more young people fall in love with traditional culture, it also glows with new brilliance. Have you ever seen a "clay figurine" printed in 3D? How can traditional culture be revitalized and innovated in the new era? In this issue of China Youth Talk, Yang Jianfei, the sixth generation descendant of clay figurine Zhang, Zhang Hao after 00, director of the Department of Cultural Industry Management of China Communication University and associate researcher, was invited to talk about the increasingly fashionable traditional culture.

Source: China Youth Daily client

On the Cross-cultural Communication of Chinese Excellent Traditional Culture

Looking back, China has a long history of more than 5,000 years. Under the background of globalization, with the continuous promotion of the construction of "the belt and road initiative", China has been devoting itself to the construction of Community of Shared Future for Mankind, telling the story of China well, making the world realize the charm of China culture, and realizing the effective cross-cultural communication of Chinese excellent traditional culture in the big garden of world culture. With the continuous development of internationalization, cultural communication has become one of the important ways for a country to develop continuously in the world. So how to spread China culture and traditional values of China widely in the world has become an important issue in China’s cultural export. Telling the story of China to the world is a very effective way to spread China culture to the outside world.

What exactly is Chinese excellent traditional culture? Some people think that China’s excellent traditional culture is the figurative culture of four books and five classics, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, Chinese martial arts, national costumes and folk customs handed down from ancient China. However, China’s excellent traditional culture not only includes these figurative cultural contents, but also some intangible cultural heritages that we recognize, which bear the excellent traditional culture of China. Chinese traditional culture embodies the creative source of the essence of Chinese civilization and carries the synthesis of moral inheritance, various cultural ideas and spiritual concepts in national history. It includes both material and institutional levels, as well as conceptual levels. Promoting the construction of a strong socialist culture is one of the important aspects to enhance the soft power of the country’s culture, and it is through inheriting and carrying forward China’s outstanding traditional culture. China’s outstanding traditional culture is the foundation and soul of the Chinese nation. With its profound ideological connotation, rich moral connotation and profound value concept, it is of great practical significance to China’s contemporary social and economic construction, political life, cultural construction and all-round development of people. "Generations of Chinese sons and daughters have cultivated and developed a unique and profound Chinese culture, which has provided a strong spiritual support for the Chinese nation to overcome difficulties and live endlessly." In the long history, the reason why the Chinese nation can become a great nation, stand among the nations of the world, and become more frustrated and brave after suffering is that it has nurtured and developed a unique and profound Chinese culture.It has provided strong spiritual support and rich cultural nourishment for its own development.

Cross-cultural communication is a very important research field in communication science. Cross-cultural communication refers to interpersonal communication and information dissemination activities between members of society under different cultural backgrounds. At present, with the continuous development of scientific and technological progress, cross-cultural communication can effectively promote cultural exchanges between countries.

If you want to tell a good story about China, it is important to know who will tell a good story about China. The cultivation of intercultural communicative competence can be said to be the ultimate goal of foreign language teaching. With the help of foreign language classroom teaching, it is undoubtedly a good choice to tell the story of China. Pay attention to knowledge transmission, value shaping and ability training, and cultivate international talents with China feelings. Such talents should be familiar with China’s national conditions, have an international perspective, have a solid theoretical knowledge, and have relevant translation skills. At the same time, they also have different countries’ historical and cultural knowledge backgrounds, so that they can adjust their strategies for spreading China’s stories in the case of different national audiences’ different reactions.

Knowledge transfer. In the process of foreign language teaching, we should pay attention to the teaching of culture. We should not only export our excellent local traditional culture to students, but also let students know about western culture, other countries’ languages and habits. Only in this way can we promote the integration of China and the West in the process of teaching and better let the West understand our culture. In the teaching process, we should respect the cultural differences between China and foreign countries, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, adjust their lecture contents according to different students, different places and local conditions, so that the audience countries can better understand China culture. In the course of teaching, we can convey our spiritual connotation to the west through some traditional stories and some contemporary stories. In the process of imparting knowledge, we should not only cultivate students’ ability of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating, but more importantly, let students know the cultural background of the two countries, so that students can better communicate across cultures and become disseminators of Chinese culture. Teachers encourage learners to know more about China culture, help students build up cultural self-confidence and remove barriers to communication between different countries, thus contributing to the development of the two countries.

Value shaping. Everyone in China is deeply influenced by Chinese excellent traditional culture in the process of growth and study. In the hearts of every China people, there is a broad value consensus and common value pursuit, that is, socialist core values. This is our action guide and value core, and it is our ideological engine to realize the great rejuvenation dream of the Chinese nation. With the continuous progress of the times, our country has different development connotations in each period. In today’s era, socialist core values are more conducive to social development and can encourage people to develop better. We should combine the requirements of the times and vigorously carry forward socialist core values. Foreign language teaching plays an important strategic role in cultivating and practicing socialist core values. In our foreign language class, we should also establish students’ core values, integrate socialist core values with Chinese traditional culture, and tell stories that belong to our China in the process of teaching foreign languages.

Ability training. The first thing we should do is to improve the translation ability of foreign language talents. A foreign language is the best medium to tell a good story about China and convey the good voice of China. Communication is not only a form of spreading cultural pictures, but also a factory of cultural production. Telling a good story is not a one-way output, but an exchange between the two sides. The narrator tells a good story about China, and the listener can understand the connotation behind the story. This requires students to have the ability of cross-cultural communication. Can tell the good story of China in a way that is easier for international audiences to understand. When translating language expressions with China characteristics, we should learn to use terms that are in line with China’s national conditions. Foreign language students need to systematically learn cross-cultural knowledge, make reasonable translation based on cultural background, cultivate their cross-cultural literacy, and truly spread Chinese excellent traditional culture in cross-cultural context. Secondly, it is necessary to cultivate students’ ability to select and disseminate China cultural translation materials. Chinese culture has a long history and is profound, and there are many good stories to tell. So what kind of story to choose and how to teach it is a very challenging problem. Cultural content in translation selection is the main content we want to spread abroad. So how do we choose the right materials in the vast sea of literature? First of all, we should preserve the characteristics of China culture and select materials that can represent China culture. Chinese culture has traditional core values. Such as benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faithfulness, these China cultures are fundamentally different from other western cultures.China’s ancient philosophy and wisdom are also worthy of our consideration, which is also one of our very good materials. Therefore, when selecting materials for translation, the first thing we should do is that any material selection should not be divorced from China’s traditional core values, and we should choose a good story that best represents China’s characteristics and has the significance of external communication. Finally, it is necessary to improve the oral interaction ability of foreign language majors. To spread Chinese excellent traditional culture under the cross-cultural background, we must learn to use reasonable international expressions. Compared with one-way communication such as media and newspapers, personal cultural communication involves two-way communication between the narrator and the listener. Therefore, it is particularly important to improve students’ oral English expression ability, and good oral English expression can improve the effect of foreign communication of Chinese excellent traditional culture. Teachers should be good at stimulating students’ interest in speaking foreign languages, encouraging students to find opportunities to speak foreign languages, praising students’ progress in time and improving their self-confidence. Cultivate students’ awareness of foreign language culture, introduce students to the customs and humanistic environment of foreign societies, and create a good contextual foundation for students.

One of the carriers of cultural communication-Confucius Institute. Confucius Institute is the most representative China language and culture promotion organization that tells the story of China to the world. Under the new period and background, China is constantly glowing with new vitality. As an important way to export culture to the outside world, Confucius Institute shoulders great responsibilities and missions. As one of the important channels of cultural exchange, the Confucius Institute must first ensure that it has a good brand influence and a high external reputation. Only in this way can we increase the sense of identity and confidence of foreign society in Confucius Institute. The Confucius Institute can hold a series of activities such as "Chinese Bridge". During the activities, the Confucius Institute can invite local teachers and students to visit China and hold a variety of cultural activities, such as experiencing local characteristics and holding a Chinese Bridge Cup competition to attract more students to learn Chinese. At the same time, the "New Sinology Program" can be held to attract young talents from various countries to study in China, so that they can study for doctoral degrees in humanities and social sciences in China, and study Sinology from the perspective of foreigners, so that they can go deep into their lives, feel China and appreciate the charm of China culture, so as to promote China culture and enhance the international status of China culture. Confucius Institute should have its own courses with China characteristics, and introduce courses with local characteristics according to local conditions and the actual conditions of different countries and regions. According to a survey, most people come to the Confucius Institute for the purpose of learning the Chinese language and understanding the history and culture of China. And learning the Chinese language,Some people want to learn spoken Chinese well and strengthen their daily communication with China people. Others are full of love for China’s calligraphy, and their main purpose is to learn China’s Chinese characters and culture. Therefore, we can carry out targeted teaching, mainly focusing on teaching the basic knowledge of Chinese, supplemented by oral courses, but some cultural courses with China characteristics can be mixed with them, and the knowledge of China history should be combined to make the courses more lively and interesting. Let German Chinese lovers learn the cultural knowledge they want to learn according to their own needs.

At present, the Confucius Institute has a good momentum of development abroad. In order to gain a foothold overseas in the future, localized development will be the best choice. In order to train more high-quality native Chinese teachers, the Confucius Institute can set up a special training fund to allow outstanding German native teachers and outstanding graduates who are willing to teach Chinese in the future to study in China. Set up special courses for them, improve their Chinese level and Chinese teaching ability, and train them to grow into excellent Chinese teachers in a short time. At the same time, the Confucius Institute can also carry out a cooperative school-running plan, fully tap the local German teacher resources, carry out targeted training, conduct small-scale high-intensity guidance, purposefully improve the Chinese language ability and teaching level of local German teaching resources, select experienced professional Chinese teachers from China, and train more German-speaking Chinese teachers through one-on-one assistance, so as to steadily promote the rapid development of the Confucius Institute in Germany. In the concrete implementation, we should also create a positive image of Confucius Institute in the mainstream media. We should pay attention to building a network platform in German local and neighboring countries, provide exchange services for local China cultural lovers, provide updated information on a regular basis, and realize the sharing of network resources. Through the network platform, we can strengthen the organization and management of Confucius Institute students, and provide characteristic online courses and study plans for Chinese learners in Germany, imitating the domestic learning model, so as to facilitate learners to choose their studies freely according to their hobbies and freely arranged time. Most importantly,We must strengthen cooperation with German local media, make positive reports on Confucius Institute with the help of local media, try our best to establish a good brand image of Confucius Institute, and strive to improve the brand competitiveness of Confucius Institute.

To sum up, the 5,000-year-old traditional culture is our cultural heritage, and the progress brought about by the reform and opening up is the foundation of our confidence. Concepts such as "the belt and road initiative" initiative and Community of Shared Future for Mankind have provided excellent conditions for us to develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics culture. Informatization and globalization are the development trends in today’s world, which puts new demands on the positioning of Confucius Institutes. Confucius Institutes should not only show their mission in combination with the current trends, but also shoulder the role of cultural diplomacy. They should not only position themselves as Chinese teaching and cultural communication institutions, but also consciously play their role in cultural diplomacy. With the continuous strengthening of China’s national strength, it is unstoppable for culture to go abroad. Telling the story of China well and making China’s voice resound through the world means that China’s international status is constantly strengthening. However, if we want to tell the story of China well, we need to dig out the good stories in China culture that can resonate with the world. At the same time, we should set up an excellent team with international vision and cross-cultural communication, deepen international cooperation with an international vision, strengthen research on the international market, optimize communication strategies, and spread the excellent traditional socialist culture with China characteristics to every corner of the world.

(Author: Dong Kun, lecturer of bohai university Foreign Studies University, doctoral student of European Civilization Institute of Tianjin Normal University; This paper is the research achievement of Hebei Social Science Fund Project [No.:HB21SL002]. )

Source: Guangming Net

"Culture" with One Word and One Interpretation (Interpretation of Chinese Studies)

A picture represents a culture.

What is culture? Writing is "recording, expressing and commenting", while culture is "analysis, understanding and tolerance". The characteristics of culture are: history, content and story. Many philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, historians and linguists have been trying to define the concept of culture from the perspective of their respective disciplines. The above is a slightly official interpretation. I only interpret the word "culture" from a personal point of view or a biased point of view. Culture is root-seeking and positioning!

The second generation of grandparents and grandchildren read Disciples Rules.

Searching for roots means knowing where you come from.

As individuals, seeking roots means knowing who our ancestors are, and then we have some traditional clan genealogy. Who are our parents, grandparents and great-parents? I have been looking for it all the time. In the past, some people said that this person is well-rooted, well-born, and there are no unscrupulous people in the clan for three generations. He is a reliable person. What I am talking about here is his origin. Some big families have also formed their own clan culture. For example, Zeng Guofan once left a 16-character proverb: "If you are frugal, you will prosper, and if you are diligent, you will be healthy; Be diligent and frugal, and never be poor. " Manage the family by frugality.

Zeng GuofanI have always asked my family to live frugally and stay away from luxury. When he met aristocratic men in Beijing who were blindly extravagant, corrupt and profligate, he refused to let his children live in Beijing. His original wife has been leading her children to live in their hometown in the countryside, and the plaques of "Xiangfu" and "Houfu" are not allowed to hang outside the door. Zeng Guofan demanded that "we should be honest and frugal, and swear not to send any money to our families." My wife has no spare money at home, and cooks and textiles herself.

Diligent in learning. In addition to "frugality", Zeng Guofan’s other requirement for his children is "diligence". Zeng Guofan insisted on writing letters to his children, correcting poems for them and discussing various problems in his studies and life. He wrote to his son, Ceng Jize, asking him to dress neatly after getting up every day, to greet his uncle and uncle first, and then to clean all the houses before sitting down to study, practicing 1,000 words every day.

Zeng Guofan also urged his family to keep studying every day, and drew up a strict study plan for the whole family many times: "My family’s men are indispensable in reading, writing and writing. Women are indispensable for clothing, food, coarse (work) and fine (work). "

Attach importance to family education. Zeng Guofan had three sons and five daughters, and his youngest daughter, Ceng Jifen, lived to be 91 years old. In 1875, Ceng Jifen married Nie Jia in Hunan. Zeng Guofan stipulated that each daughter’s dowry should not exceed 200 taels of silver when she gets married, and there is also a homework list written by her father. Zeng Guofan wanted to train his daughter to be a diligent housewife. In fact, her daughter did better than her father expected.

A good clan culture can make a family flourish, as well as a nation. The nation is talking about history. China has a long history of 5,000 years. China people are honest, hardworking, brave, simple and intelligent, and there are many cultural classics handed down, such as the Book of Changes, the Tao Te Ching, the Analects of Confucius and Mencius. All dynasties pay attention to cultural inheritance, and all dynasties pay attention to the compilation of historical books, such as Zi Zhi Tong Jian, which we are familiar with. For this inheritance that we should criticize, we should take what we have and give up, publicize it well, and abandon what does not meet the needs of contemporary society. China is also known as the country of etiquette, especially Confucius has always emphasized the rites of Zhou, and people pay attention to etiquette when they communicate with each other. The younger generation should salute when they see their elders, and the lower level should salute when they see their superiors. Confucius has always emphasized benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom, including the wisdom of the sages. If we don’t pay attention to inheritance and study, we won’t know our own culture. Then you don’t know your position.

As a country, it also needs cultural orientation, such as the 24-character socialist core values: prosperity, democracy, civilization, harmony, freedom, equality, justice, the rule of law, patriotism, professionalism, honesty and friendliness.

Culture is positioning.The Tang Priest has a classic sentence in Journey to the West: The poor monk Tang Xuanzang came from the Tang Dynasty in the east and went to the Western Heaven to worship the Buddha for Buddhist scriptures! This sentence illustrates the problem, always know.Who are you? Where are you from? What are you doing? Where are you going? This is positioning.I’m Tang Xuanzang: I’m invited by the king of Tang to learn from the scriptures. My mission is to learn from the scriptures and constantly beat myself. I can’t complain about the superior king of Tang, the imperial court or bow to difficulties. At present, some Chinese people, as Chinese people, complain about the country all day, especially abroad, and forget who they are. Eating China’s water and food, instead of cursing the motherland and cursing mothers, such people are called unfilial descendants and forget their roots, but if they are also like this abroad, their nature will change, that is, the scum of the nation will become fake foreign devils. Especially in today’s epidemic, some clowns are jumping up and down and gossiping.

The word "filial piety" is from the old to the child, and the younger generation should honor the elders.

where i was from?The word "filial piety" is interpreted in Shuo Wen Jie Zi as being obedient to the old. Performance is inheritance, inheritance, and the premise of inheritance and inheritance is recognition, and recognition contains the meaning of respect and affirmation. Personally, we should recognize our parents, that is, respect and affirm their advantages, and our lives are subject to their parents, so we should know how to be grateful; The traditional genes of parents should be recognized, such as hard work, kindness and other good things, of course, they should be critically inherited and objectively evaluated, and they should be divided into two and not go to extremes. A family is like this, and so is a country and a nation. Don’t always scold your mother, you are not filial, and the luck of unfilial people is not much better! Because some genes in your parents come to an abrupt end on you, denying your ancestors, and your soul track has changed. . . . .

When it comes to filial piety, it means recognition first, and recognition at its peak means worship, and worship means reverence. China’s gods are all human beings, such as Fuxi, Guan Gong, Zhao Gongming, Yue Fei, etc. If we worship Guan Gong because of his loyalty, our fate will only change if we become such a person. Of course, more people pray for Guan Gong to protect and take care of themselves, because he has skill and he is a god, but the prerequisite for this kind of god to bless you is that you need it. We worship Guan Yu, and more importantly, we should straighten our mentality, learn to let go and become loyal people. When we worship a bodhisattva, we learn to be like a bodhisattva, learn to help others, and there is a saying that helping others is actually helping ourselves. The ancients paid attention to helping others and helping themselves. What kind of person you worship must be, so it will work, otherwise you can only be given a sentence: don’t burn incense at ordinary times, cram for the Buddha’s feet temporarily. Buddha can’t help you if you don’t do a good job in the early stage and worship Buddha temporarily.

Guan Gong pays attention to loyalty and righteousness.

Culture includes a lot of contents, too. Culture is condensed in the material and dissociated from the material. The history, geography, customs, traditional customs, lifestyle, literature and art, code of conduct, way of thinking and values of a country or nation that can be passed down are endless. Let’s stop here today! If you are not finished, please leave a message in the comments section!